KUMJ | VOL. 23 | NO. 5 | ISSUE 93 | DECEMBER, 2026

The Study of Clinical-Endoscopic Profile among Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Attending the Tertiary Care Center
Bhandari A, Acharya A, Bhattarai K, Shrestha SR

Abstract:
Background Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the common medical emergency which is associated with significant mortality. Any source of bleeding proximal to the suspensory ligament of duodenum constitutes the etiology for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It usually presents with blood in vomitus and black tarry stool (malena). Objective To correlate the clinical-endoscopic profile of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding, discuss the significant etiologies associated with the medical condition and assess the Rockall Score risk of those patients. Method A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted from August 2024 to January 2025 at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. A total of 170 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding were enrolled in the study using convenient sampling method. The data on socio-demographic, clinical profile and endoscopic characteristic were collected. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Result Out of 170 patients, majority of the patients were male and fell under the age group of greater than 40 years of age. Nearly most of the patients were clinically diagnosed with chronic liver disease and peptic ulcer disease. After performing an endoscopy, we had found that large esophageal varices were the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding followed by an ulcer. Most of the patients fell under moderate risk score (three to seven) of Rockall Scoring system. Conclusion An upper gastrointestinal bleeding is one of the medical emergency that requires immediate management. A scoring system like Rockall is very useful to calculate future risk after an episode of bleeding.
Keyword : Endoscopy, Nepal, Rockall score system, Upper gastrointestinal bleeding