KUMJ | VOL. 23 | NO. 2 | ISSUE 90 | APRIL - JUNE, 2025

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Following Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination: A Rare Case Report From A Tertiary Care Centre
Shah BK, Sah S, Pandey P, Kurmi S

Abstract:
Guillain-Barré syndrome is an acute inflammatory polyneuropathy characterized by rapidly progressive, symmetric, ascending weakness often triggered by infection or rarely vaccination. Although influenza and Corona Virus Disease-19 vaccines have been more commonly implicated, there are limited reports of Guillain–Barré syndrome following tetanus- toxoid vaccination. We report a case of 12-yearsold male who developed bilateral lower limbs weakness and hoarseness of voice 3 weeks after receiving tetanus toxoid vaccine given after injury. Neurological examination revealed bilateral hypotonia in lower limb. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed albuminocytologic dissociation. Nerve conduction studies were consistent with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy. The patient was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin at 0.4 g/kg/day for 5 days and discharged on 10th day of admission. This case highlights a possible temporal association between tetanus toxoid vaccination and Guillain–Barré syndrome, though the causality cannot be definitively established. Further studies are required to clarify this potential link.
Keyword : Guillain-Barré syndrome, Pediatrics, Tetanus toxoid, Vaccination